This latest revision is the cumulative post of all my observations I made of these vicious, organized, institutional terrorists from Georgia (1993-2019), Illinois (2019-2022), and Korea (2022-2024).
We have lost so many and suffered so much because of these institutional criminals. I want them punished for their evil deeds.
I will do everything within legal bounds to bring justice and karma to these people, as they so deserve. I want these people prosecuted for organized hate crimes for profit they have committed for the purpose of retaliation, violating the federal laws of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act (RICO) statutes and the Fourteenth Amendment rights of the US Constitution.
Today, I am bringing it to the fore after almost three years of disbelief (March 11, 2021–2024) I had of these four individuals, their three mentors, and an unknown number of their extended family members and relatives of in-laws, my once co-workers and their bosses (corporate executives), neighbors, and personal acquaintances—my fateful enemies who masterminded criminal entrapment fraud attacks on me to destroy me in the most insidious, heinous, and vicious ways they know how.
They are now in both countries, Korea and the US.
These attacks were initiated (December 8, 2017, the earliest date I recognize the criminal entrapment fraud in the form of auto insurance fraud occurred in Georgia) and ordered in the US.
Thus, these are interstate (Georgia, Illinois, Korea) and federal crimes still applicable to the United States Racketeer Influenced and Corrupted Organization (RICO) statutes, and many of these sponsors of these attacks are American citizens, even if crimes are committed in Korea using Korean nationals.
If they are dual citizens, then that makes their crimes punishable under both countries' laws depending on their physical locations and the United States' federal RICO statutes.
The RICO statutes were designed to prosecute interstate organized crime cartels in particular (that includes foreign countries).
That means their crime co-conspirators, their crime bosses, or their crime sponsors in the US can be charged and prosecuted under the RICO statutes and possibly bank (wire) fraud and money laundering.
It's very obvious that no one works for free. Someone(s) are paying for all these attacks on me for the past seven years, including those in Korea, in one form or another.
Only now am I finding out that my co-workers (often executives) at my previous employments, stretching from 1993 to 2016, knew these four individuals, their mentors, and their close relatives and business associates.
My first employment as a staff accountant was from 1993-1998, as a senior accountant from 2000-2005, as a finance/accounting manager from 2008-2011, and my co-workers from 2013-2016 knew at least one of these four individuals when I worked at this financial institution (one of the biggest credit unions in the US) as a contract employee.
So these employments of mine were designed to closely monitor me and were later used to sabotage my career and our lives by these four individuals, their mentors, and their close relatives and business associates, who are so often my neighbors in the same subdivision we have lived in (1998-2019).
So these attacks on me were planned a long, long time ago; I do not know how long ago—2017, 2000, 1998, 1993, or even further back, 1975.
Unknown to us in those days, I am quite sure that this was the same setup as my wife's employment.
Their hidden network of business associates was far-reaching in the United States and Korea. They were incredibly adept at using human resources management industries in controlling and monitoring their targeted people and, therefore, recruiting the right people at the right time for their purpose, as well as monitoring and destroying their targeted individuals at the right time in the right place.
At minimum, these two Caucasian men were very close to my father, his current wife, and their daughter's biological father.
One is their son-in-law, their only “precious” daughter's husband.
The other is the son of their close business associate, an ethnic Polish-or-Jewish American, for more than a half century. This person is very close to their son-in-law, their daughter, and my father's current wife.
Matter of fact, these four individuals—two Caucasians and two Koreans—are the surrogate sons of my father, his current wife, and the biological father of their daughter since the 1980s.
This person, Polish or Jewish American, is a professional with a finance and banking background who worked at one of the biggest global banks in the US as an international banking specialist.
He now handles the finance of the family business of almost 50 years as its finance manager. This company is headed by my "supposedly" half-sister and her mother.
And I have to mention one of my father's current wife's cousins (Lim)'s wife (Choi) and this cousin's long-time friend (Hwang) in Chicago, this cousin's friend's ex-wife (Chang).
These two families (LIM&CHOI and HWANG) are close friends, even their wives, ex-husbands, ex-wives, and their children.
Now I strongly suspect they are all in together in these criminal fraud attacks on me to erase me off the map in the most vicious fashion as they know how, along with my father's current wife and her four (4) surrogate sons and her seven siblings and their in-laws.
In particular, I want to emphasize that this one whole Korean family (HWANG) is made of vicious attackers: father, mother (CHANG), daughter, son, and this son's wife (once my co-worker in 2011, KIM).
Within this family (Hwang), this particular one, the daughter (Hwang), who also happened to work at this same one of the biggest American global banks where one of the four individuals, Polish or Jewish American, I mentioned earlier worked, is the main focus of my attention.
She, HWANG, appears to be closely related to or associated with all law enforcement agencies in the US and Korea, especially at the state level—Illinois State Police (I-90, I-94, I-55, I-290)—her first responders co-conspirators in Chicago, Atlanta, and Chilgok-Gumi (Yakmok) Korea.
Remember those two Korean stalkers from Skinner Park, Chicago, showing up in Yakmok, a small town, in Korea? I believe these two are also criminal associates of hers.
She was everywhere I was. You cannot really make this one up, even if you try very hard to understand how she has been following me.
What was her motivation? I did not know anything about her except that she was my uncle's live-in partner's, Chang's, daughter.
Her (Hwang) nexus and situs can be found in the subdivision I lived in for twenty years in Lawrenceville, GA. (around 2017) I believe she once owned a home briefly that shared a fence with my home with one of the executives of a company I worked for as a contract employee.
Matter of fact, now I can further expand my serious but very strong suspicion that many of my neighbors in the subdivision I have lived in from 1998-2019, whether they shared a fence with my house or not, were owned by people related to my former co-workers, executives, and business associates of my personal enemies—my father's current wife (her maiden name, LIM), her daughter's biological father (Illinois), who spoke fluent Japanese, and they had many relatives in Japan.
Now think of it: I had many hidden enemies of ethnic Japanese and Koreans with fluent command of Japanese.
I actually worked at one major Japanese sporting goods corporation in Atlanta as a temporary employee. That company's hiring manager had a nexus to one owner of these houses that shared a fence with our house at the time.
I will go even further, even believing strongly that many Spanish-speaking and Vietnamese neighbors of that subdivision I have lived in from 1998 to 2019 were either relatives or business associates of my co-workers from my previous employments and the company (Illinois) headed by my father's current wife and her daughter.
Back to Hwang, she was once a former co-worker of a couple of my co-workers and executives of the places I worked from 2013-2016 and 2008-2011.
Her (Hwang) sister-in-law (Kim) was my one-time co-worker (2011) in the same Finance-Accounting Department where I was a manager at the time, in LaGrange, GA.
I was completely kept in the dark about her hiring, even though her position as a junior accountant should have been reported to me; she never did. She treated me like a non-person during the brief time I had worked with her, always leapfrogging me and reporting to the senior Korean manager from Korea.
That type of toxic corporate culture forced my eventual departure from that company (2011).
Her (Hwang) mother (Chang) was the person I transferred my business partnership interest to almost for free. Her mother, Chang, was also the live-in partner of one of my uncles (Lim) at the time, around 2005.
It's really mind-boggling to see her nexus and situs everywhere—Atlanta, Chicago, and Korea—wherever these criminal fraud attacks on me occurred.
She (Hwang) is closely related as a business associate to those four individuals (two Koreans and two Caucasians), so I can almost automatically assume that she was a very close business associate of my father's current wife (maiden name, Lim) because of her company's finance manager, who also worked at the same bank I mentioned earlier.
There is a very strong likelihood that these two individuals, Hwang and that Polish-or-Jewish American man, knew each other working at the very same global bank, one of the largest banks in the US.
She (Hwang) and this Polish or Jewish American man, both about the same age, late 40s now, appear to be two of the several masterminds of all street-level criminal fraud attacks on me for the past seven years (December 8, 2017-present), from Georgia to Illinois, then Yakmok, Chilgok-gun, and Gumi, Gyeongsangbukdo (경상북도) Province of Korea.
She (Hwang) also worked at one of the largest Korean Chaebeol Groups in Korea, probably as a banking consultant, thanks to the same three mentors I mentioned earlier.
These three mentors have extensive, powerful political and chaebol connections in Korea, which worked very well, profiting enormously from such a powerful connection, the network, for every one of their three mentors' relatives and business associates but me.
For me, actually, they became powerful networks, the network of powerful enemies throughout my life in the US (1975-2022) and in Korea (2022-2024).
She, Hwang, was a CPA like I was, and she had extensive Korean, Jewish, and Indian business networks that included my former co-workers, executives, and their business associates, which I strongly believe have been major parts of such vicious, insidious, and hidden attacks on me for the past seven (7) years in the US and Korea.
You may wonder how I know all these.
I found all this information over the internet and by walking back and going over every detail of what had really happened to me, as their targeted individual, for the past seven years and for the last half century to draw attention to the unmistakable presence of criminal fraud efforts to send me to insanity, incarceration, life-debilitating injuries, or otherwise total destruction in the form of a victim of organ harvesting, which explains the presence of an unusual number of professionals of medical fields along with first responders.
For that, I will hold these four individuals, their mentors, and their close relatives and business associates forever responsible for destroying my career, our finances, and therefore ruining our lives as a result of their criminal fraud attacks.
Then there were hundreds of criminal fraud executioners in the middle and, at the bottom, street-level executioner thugs who were mostly total strangers to me, who were just in for money or to keep their day jobs following orders of their superiors in Korea and the US.
Within these ranks of criminal fraud executioners were one-time my co-workers, neighbors, personal acquaintances, church/ temple/ synagogue/ tabernacle/ other places of worship, or death cult members, labor union or professional fraternity members of first responders (police, firefighters, EMTs), government or quasi-governmental NGOs' employees, and many other professions (Bankers, MD, CPA, JD, Paralegals, Realtors, MPH, HR, IT) and industries — apartment, commercial real estate development & investment and HOA management, construction, Department of Transportation contractors, Nursing Care, Medical, Dental, Orthopedic, Handicapped Equipment Supplies, Air Freight, Trucking, Distribution, Grocery Stores, etc.).
In retrospect, all those attackers were made up of individuals and companies whom I have mentioned on my blogs and those whom I cannot mention on my blog.
I suspect very strong intelligence (CIA, HUMINT) presence. I will go even further to believe there is a strong presence of intelligence operatives who make up a few of the personal enemies who harassed me and attacked me in the form of criminal entrapment frauds.
They work with federal, state, and political establishments—state law enforcement, politicians and their donors, state lobbyists, unregistered foreign agents, international banking, multinational corporations, and federal law enforcement (FBI, CBP, DEA, ICE), Departments of Transportation (Illinois, Georgia, & Korea)—a section that deals with airlines, Interstate Freeways (I-90, I-290, I-85), towing and road maintenance, traffic signals & LED display controllers, international freight transit, trucking, mass transit systems, labor unions, and their contractors, public corporations-rails, and NGOs.
I suspect federal, state, and local law enforcement and their involvements in stalking and threatening activities by MP (municipal police in Illinois)-tagged unmarked vehicles and their first responders (fire departments, EMTs, MDs).
If you look at these people's (criminal entrapment fraud specialists and their government contractors) employment and residence histories, they all share an uncanny nexus and situs to places near or where heavy concentrations of these intelligences and federal and state law enforcement institutions are located.
And then there are two individuals out of the four who are Koreans.
One is my own high school classmate (Kim) from Korea who sat right behind me for about half a year in 1975 and came to the Chicago area just about the same time in 1975.
The other one is the son (Chee) of my father's long-time associate at DoD (Department of Defense) in Korea in the 1960s. I remember riding a DoD commute bus that had to crank the engine up by hand.
He also came to the US just about the same time in 1975, or maybe a year later. He had an older brother who was a year younger than me. So I say he is about three years younger than me.
These two have known me since my high school days and frequented our house (1977-1978) in Lake Zurich, IL, when we lived at this location.
Now this place has turned into an additional parking lot for a nearby Mexican restaurant. This house was a unique architectural piece, a very utilitarian and contemporary one, in my opinion, built by its only owners, an old Swiss-German couple. It had a glass wall on one whole side of the house and a huge, humongous wooden beam that supported the ceiling. It has a half-basement where it had a bar, which also served as my room. An outside underground cellar whose temperature was always nice and cool. The house, though small for a family of six, was incredibly beautiful. It's sad the house no longer stands there.
24 Ela Rd. (Now no address, situated around 500s Ela Rd.)
Back to these four individuals, who all turned out to be my enemies or groomed to be my fateful enemies, along with siblings—seven of them—and their cousins, of my father's current wife. They are the protégés, opportunistic parasites, and business associates of my father, his current wife, and their daughter's biological father.
Note that throughout my blogs, I emphasize the word 'current' when I am addressing my father's current wife. She was an excellent role changer, an excellent actor, and a chameleon in real life if she wanted to be. And she will switch if a need is there in the future.
She was a self-proclaimed poet, and during the time I have lived with her, she spent most of her time devoted to reading monthly Korean literary magazines and books that were delivered to her, where many ingenious plot lines of stories may have been adopted in real life.
I believe these four were cultivated ever so carefully for the past 30 years at minimum for Caucasian ones and close to a half century for Korean ones for the purpose of protecting their only precious daughter at any cost to bystanders, and one happened to be me.
There had to be some sort of sworn allegiance amongst these four as surrogate sons to be faithful to their mentors and these mentors' "precious" daughter.
I know how she, my father's current wife, operates in these types of activities. She will stay far behind, hidden, and let her boys do all the dirty work. And when things go bad, she will extort these boys and girls to take the fall for the job they failed, or vice versa, a great reward when the job is well done.
She is a master manipulator in making people do things. She always bragged about her high IQ, 160, and all her associates had to pass her standard threshold of IQs. She looks down on people of low IQs with sick contempt.
I became her target a long time ago, immediately after I came to the US, 1976-1980.
She probably regretted the very first days she agreed to bring me to the US. I was told I was excluded from coming to the US. But then they had no choice on that matter. My grandparents wouldn't stand for it if I were to be left behind in Korea.
She had no fear once my grandfather passed away, and my three uncles all went to her camp for their own families' prosperity. They, my three uncles (LIM), realized that I had nothing offer to their sons and daughters.
Also, my youngest uncle's wife in Korea was from the same “SHIN” family (the 7th KCIA Chief) that I keep referring to throughout my blog.
My “supposedly” half-sister's mother's biological mother; she may also be the “SHIN” (the 7th KCIA Chief), who has some sort of blood family kinship to people in this very exclusive “Shin” village very near to my mother's (PARK) unmarked grave, Yul-ri, Biin-myeon, Seocheon-gun, ChungCheongNamDo Province.
Both of her mothers, one childless (much older than the other) and the one that was the mother of her and her seven siblings, and her biological mother, moved to Chicago from Korea and resided with her. One may still be alive in Illinois.
If this suspicion of mine proves to be true, then I have to say their attempts to destroy me have a far more sinister motive based on deeply rooted ancestral family-related animosity, which transpired their insidiously viciousness to destroy me and therefore wipe out our line of family with the help of their newly acquired in-laws in the US and in Korea.
I firmly believe that the ancestral hometown of the "Shin 평산신씨" family in Yakmok (약목)—ancestral hometown of the 7th KCIA Chief, Chilgok-gun, Gyeongsangbukdo Province, Korea—has direct family ties to the individuals of several different surnames (Kim 선산김씨, Lee 경주이씨, Park 고령박씨, Jung 하동정씨, Cho 양주조씨, Hyun 연주현씨, Hwang, Choi, Chang, and Lim) who have attacked me from the United States and in Korea.
The good thing about tracking down a female person in Korea is that, unlike in the United States, women in Korea after marriage do not change their surnames to their husbands.
It was just a matter of time until all the ducklings were lined up. So no questions were asked about where I was when I got killed because I became useless for the betterment of their lifestyle, or even worse, I became their major threat to their lifestyle of status quo, power, and clout. I was designed to be destroyed.
I have too many groups of enemies, known and unknown to me, who want to see me destroyed in the form of insanity, life-debilitating injuries, incarceration, and murder via criminal entrapment frauds.
I have repeatedly said there were at least six (6) groups of enemies who want to see me destroyed. And they are all loosely or directly connected to this group of my personal enemies.
I am only the sole surviving keeper of a truth, who is left standing after everyone who would vouch for my legitimate standing has passed, except for these co-conspirators in the attacks on me, her, my supposedly half sister's mother's, five younger brothers (LIM) (5), two younger sisters (2), and an unknown number of her first cousins and second cousins.
And their daughter's biological father's close relatives in the US and Korea, who only came to my knowledge very recently while I was here in Korea.
Really, their families have been the parasites, and my father has been their main host, a traitor to his own family, for more than half a century and more.
And my mother and I were the major recipients of all the ill-gotten effects of their host-parasite relationship.
And such relationships continue until today, as shown by their attacks on me in the past seven years.
Their big and extended families were all working to discredit, dishonor, and destroy me literally or figuratively for the perpetuity of their fake legitimacy and hide their illegitimacy.
I will soon be off the map if they have their way, for their goal of keeping the status quo, the lifestyle they all, their extended families (their brothers, sisters, and cousins), have enjoyed for the past 40 years in the US, and in order to perpetuate their lies at terrible expense of my mother, my grandparents, me, and my sisters.
For my two sisters, it was mainly about losing their mother too early, having a neglected baby-childhood from everyone, and not having a chance to know their mother.
My mother passed away in July 1966 in Seoul, Korea. I was seven years old. I still have that guilt that I abandoned her when she needed me most. And that had to do with this woman. She tricked me all my life.
They were so selfish and evil that they would not allow me to coexist on this Earth. I was too inconvenient to them for no fault of mine.
I even left their world voluntarily at my father's current wife's wish so that they could live in peace and prosperity for at least 40 years until today, believing their daughter was my half-sister.
I was very much tricked by this woman all my life, even from my childhood in Seoul, Korea. And now the only thing that was awaiting me was a terrible death and destruction via the most vicious, insidious, and sadistic means.
I am now finding it in a very hard way that these people were deeply involved in every aspect of my and my wife's lives for the past 30 years at minimum.
What were the reasons for recruiting so many people close to us, our personal acquaintances, co-workers, and neighbors?
These people actually forced me to retreat in defeat to Chicago from Atlanta. Their people, their co-conspirators, RICO gangs, in Atlanta, were making our lives in Atlanta impossible from December 8, 2017.
This was my Day of Infamy, December 8, 2017, the fateful day on a satellite road along the I-85 right at where the cities of Chamblee and Doraville in DeKalb County limits meet.
This is also the spot close to the FBI regional office and one of my old employer's buildings situated (within one mile) in Chamblee and Doraville, DeKalb County, where many, at least three (3), of my personal and corporate enemies have their businesses, their nexus, situs, and political influences there.
I have to stress that several of my personal and corporate enemies have very deep connections to the very high echelon of federal and state-level law enforcement and the local criminal justice-judicial system.
This was probably the very first criminal entrapment fraud, in the form of vehicular mobbing and auto insurance fraud, which might have succeeded if I had not fought back very hard.
But the irreversible damages to us from this incident have already occurred since then and will continue until the last days of our lives.
These four, their mentors, and their co-conspirators in the US surely did not expect that we would move to Chicago.
I believe now that they had actually expected that we would toil and end our lives in Atlanta fighting these mercenaries of local ethnic RICO gangs, international crime cartel members made of human traffickers and LGBTQ prostitution rings, vehicular mobbing insurance fraudsters, and those first responders gone rogue.
I want to emphasize that Jewish, Mormon, and unknown religious death cult RICO gangs were the principal perpetrators of the attacks on me for the past seven years.
These are people with Jewish ethnicity who had ties to the Jewish RICO gangs that are made up of white-collar professionals, including law enforcement in all jurisdictions (federal, state, county, local), and local and county-level first responders and criminal justice-judicial systems.
All those ethnic mafias of White Supremacists (white-collar skinheads and KKK), Koreans, Indians, Blacks, Chinese (PRC), Vietnamese, Southeast Asians, Hispanics, and various East Europeans are either working closely with them or working as their partners.
And many of the LGBTQ are their frontline (international, Korean, Jewish) operatives who are deeply embedded in almost every free world nation's law enforcement, judicial, political, and government systems.
It's astounding to see a good majority people who have attacked me appear to be gay. I am not a gay. I have never been a gay except that all the places I have worked, there were many gay co-workers.
Now back to the four individuals, they were groomed professionally and later profited enormously from the strong political-governmental-multinational corporate clouts in Korea that would have been impossible without their three mentors' help.
Their main focus of business is influence peddling in trilateral (Korea-Japan-US) international multinational corporate and political affairs and people.
And now, I realize I must have been the sole obstacle they needed to clear by getting rid of me, literally or figuratively, in order to make everything in their business end tie down securely. They didn't want any loose ends protruding that could present problems for them and for their mentors in the future.
For whatever reason, I believe they had an urgency to get rid of me via incarceration, insanity, life-debilitating injuries, or death once I moved to Chicago in 2019.
I believe my move to Chicago was something they completely did not expect. They fully expected I would be dead or otherwise totally destroyed in Atlanta.
And for some reason, this has to be accomplished under the pretext of legality. Therefore, a bullet in my head wasn't one of their options.
This is where vehicular mobbing, auto insurance fraudsters, and ingenious criminal fraud entrapment schemes came in.
And who else fits for that job best for leading these criminal fraud entrapment activities?
First responders.
Corrupted rogue law enforcers in all jurisdictions (federal, state, and local) and equally corrupted rogue local first responders (firefighters and EMTs). If you read my blogs, you will notice I allude to many incidents where I was targeted for "kill" criminal fraud entrapment schemes by these people.
<< And I have to stress that these corrupted and rogue law enforcers and first responders who have conspired in these fraudulent criminal entrapment activities were an extremely small minority compared to the vast majority of honorable, duty-bound law enforcers and first responders. >>
This is also why my co-workers, neighbors, their extended families, and their hidden corporate, church, governmental, law enforcement, and political power networks of connected people in Illinois and Georgia were involved in setting me up with deadly criminal fraud traps, hoping that I get snared in one of their deadly traps and destroyed.
These four individuals' professional backgrounds ranged from attorney (DUI, criminal law) and realtor with strong ties to Korean politicians, Korean chaebols, and quasi-governmental corporations and their labor unions thanks to their mentors; international banking specialist; former politician turned lobbyist; and insurance broker.
Now, that's one hell of a group I was up against. And I have somehow managed to stave off their criminal attacks until now. Even if I get killed today, I am a hundred times better off than the past seven years, when I didn't know these four individuals and their mentors were deeply involved in criminal fraud entrapment schemes where I and my wife could have easily met terrible death or life-debilitating injuries.
This was the ID card issued at the completion of active duty (February 14, 1980 - February 13, 1983) reminding that I can still be called up for Active Duty.
Top Row, the fourth man from the right. Platoon 2015, Echo Company, 2nd Bn. MCRD San Diego (Feb 14, 1980-May 2, 1980) Senior DI SSGT Piques, DI SGT Baron, DI SGT. De Rossier, DI SGT Herron. ~ Semper Fi!
And I thank these two photos, one I found over the internet, for my survival until today. I believe these two photos single-handedly foiled my enemies' would-be attempts to erase me off the map as if I never existed.
I can never forgive these people considering all the life-debilitating harassments, sabotages, terrors, emotional pain, and destruction they have brought into our lives.
For the crimes committed on me and therefore on us collectively for the past seven years, either the statutes of limitations have lapsed or there may not be enough prosecutable evidence.
As per the RICO Act explained here, "Pattern of racketeering activity requires at least two acts of racketeering activity, one of which occurred after the effective date of this chapter and the last of which occurred within ten years (excluding any period of imprisonment) after the commission of a prior act of racketeering activity. The US Supreme Court has instructed federal courts to follow the continuity-plus-relationship test in order to determine whether the facts of a specific case give rise to an established pattern. The illegal acts forming a pattern are called "predicate" offenses. Predicate acts are related if they "have the same or similar purposes, results, participants, victims, or methods of commission, or otherwise are interrelated by distinguishing characteristics and are not isolated events." Continuity is both a closed and open ended concept, referring to either a closed period of conduct, or to past conduct that by its nature projects into the future with a threat of repetition."
They are being psychotic, sociopathic criminals and likely always will be a part of organized criminal gangs; one cannot rule out that they will always keep committing the same patterns of crimes continuously.
And then, the frequency of their crimes (two or more crimes of the same pattern within a 10-year period) or an unrelated premeditated murder that may have been committed by other new or old members of their RICO gangs that may surface, which carries no statute of limitation.
In such cases, the RICO Act may be very easily applied to these criminals who have destroyed our lives.
I believed that as a part of criminal fraud entrapment schemes, those who sponsored and funded but were not physically involved in executing vehicular mobbing and auto insurance frauds occurring anywhere on the Interstate Freeway systems and their related interstate commerce bank/wire transactions should be tried and prosecuted under the federal RICO statutes.
